Runes
The twenty-four runes of the Elder Futhark
One page per rune: the reconstructed name, the lines from the three rune poems, a plain list of what is attested and what is modern, and how I read the stave. Pages are published one rune a week in Futhark order.
First ætt
Second ætt
Third ætt
The names are scholarly reconstructions; none survive from the Elder Futhark period itself. The division into three groups of eight is attested on the Vadstena bracteate (c. 500 AD); the names Freys, Hagals and Týs ætt are later Icelandic terms for the Younger Futhark’s groups.
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